中国大学MOOC 通用学术英语-北京科技大学 测验与作业答案

Unit 1 Education

1 The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to _________.
喵查答案：

argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class

recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitie

emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching
offer advice on the proper use of the library 

2 Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?

Pupils aim to learn to develop their reasoning abilities

Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others

Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers

喵查答案：Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.

3

The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the student’s _________.
learning ability and communicative skill
喵查答案：

total personality
personal qualities and social skills
intellectual ability

4 Read the following noun phrase: blended learning environments in which students become active and interactive learners. In this noun phrase, the italicized part is ____________.
pre-modifier
喵查答案：post-modifier
prepositional phrase
determiner 

5 Read the following noun phrase: those five beautiful shiny Arkansas Black apples sitting on the chair. What is the head noun?
those
chair
喵查答案：apples
shiny 

6 An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. Elections are scheduled on a regular cycle and usually involve both major and many small parties. In this definition, the italicized sentence serves as ____________.
喵查答案：narrative material
potential target audience
resolution to a problem
prior knowledge of audience

7 Psychology may be defined as the science that studies the behavior of man and other animals.In this definition, ‘the science’ is ____________.
the term
喵查答案：the class
the differentia
the prepositional phrase

8 The scientific study of language, especially language form, language meaning, and language in context can be defined as linguistics. What type of definition is this?
a formal definition
喵查答案：a naming definitio
an extended definition
a theory definition

9 By “held back” (Line 1, Para.1), the author means _________

forced to study in the lower classe

made to remain in the same classes

drawn to their studies

喵查答案：prevented from advancing

10

We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.

In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

 In the passage, the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is _________.
objective
questioning                        
喵查答案：approving
critical

11 According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of ________.
building up their reputation
upgrading their teaching facilities
providing convenience for students
喵查答案：cutting down on their expenses

12 What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?
喵查答案：There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.
There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.
The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.
Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.

13 Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ________.
save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses
select courses from various colleges and universities
喵查答案：work on the required courses whenever and wherever
earn their academic degrees with much less effort

14 According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by ________.
喵查答案：a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction
a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements
the great diversity of students’ academic backgrounds
the casual relationship between students and professors

15

By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.

While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.

The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.

Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded (升级) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?
It boasts the largest number of students on campus.
喵查答案：All its courses are offered online.
Its online courses are of the best quality
Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.

16 enhance   awareness         facilitate flexible perspectiveinsufficient evidence     conflict adjustment resolution She went through a period of emotional ____________ after her marriage broke up.
喵查答案：adjustment

17 His salary is ____________ to meet his needs.
喵查答案：insufficient

18 There is convincing ____________ of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
喵查答案：evidence

19 It is important that students develop a(n) ____________ of how the Internet can be used.
喵查答案：awareness

20 This is an opportunity to ____________ the reputation of the company. 
喵查答案：enhance

21 The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to _________.
喵查答案：

argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class

recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitie

emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching
offer advice on the proper use of the library 

22 Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?

Pupils aim to learn to develop their reasoning abilities

Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others

Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers

喵查答案：Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.

23

The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the student’s _________.
learning ability and communicative skill
喵查答案：

total personality
personal qualities and social skills
intellectual ability

24 Read the following noun phrase: blended learning environments in which students become active and interactive learners. In this noun phrase, the italicized part is ____________.
pre-modifier
喵查答案：post-modifier
prepositional phrase
determiner 

25 Read the following noun phrase: those five beautiful shiny Arkansas Black apples sitting on the chair. What is the head noun?
those
chair
喵查答案：apples
shiny 

26 An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. Elections are scheduled on a regular cycle and usually involve both major and many small parties. In this definition, the italicized sentence serves as ____________.
喵查答案：narrative material
potential target audience
resolution to a problem
prior knowledge of audience

27 Psychology may be defined as the science that studies the behavior of man and other animals.In this definition, ‘the science’ is ____________.
the term
喵查答案：the class
the differentia
the prepositional phrase

28 The scientific study of language, especially language form, language meaning, and language in context can be defined as linguistics. What type of definition is this?
a formal definition
喵查答案：a naming definitio
an extended definition
a theory definition

29 By “held back” (Line 1, Para.1), the author means _________

forced to study in the lower classe

made to remain in the same classes

drawn to their studies

喵查答案：prevented from advancing

30

We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.

In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

 In the passage, the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is _________.
objective
questioning                        
喵查答案：approving
critical

31 According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of ________.
building up their reputation
upgrading their teaching facilities
providing convenience for students
喵查答案：cutting down on their expenses

32 What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?
喵查答案：There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.
There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.
The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.
Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.

33 Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ________.
save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses
select courses from various colleges and universities
喵查答案：work on the required courses whenever and wherever
earn their academic degrees with much less effort

34 According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by ________.
喵查答案：a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction
a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements
the great diversity of students’ academic backgrounds
the casual relationship between students and professors

35

By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.

While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.

The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.

Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded (升级) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?
It boasts the largest number of students on campus.
喵查答案：All its courses are offered online.
Its online courses are of the best quality
Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.

36 enhance   awareness         facilitate flexible perspectiveinsufficient evidence     conflict adjustment resolution She went through a period of emotional ____________ after her marriage broke up.
喵查答案：adjustment

37 His salary is ____________ to meet his needs.
喵查答案：insufficient

38 There is convincing ____________ of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
喵查答案：evidence

39 It is important that students develop a(n) ____________ of how the Internet can be used.
喵查答案：awareness

40 This is an opportunity to ____________ the reputation of the company. 
喵查答案：enhance

41 Try to see the issue from a different ____________. 
喵查答案：perspective

42 Our plans need to be ____________ enough to cater for the needs of everyone. 
喵查答案：flexible

43 She found herself in ____________ with her parents over her future career.
喵查答案：conflict

44 The new trade agreement should ____________ more rapid economic growth. 
喵查答案：facilitate

45 The government is pressing for an early ____________ of the dispute. 
喵查答案：resolution

Unit 2 System

1 Which of the following is the most common structure of introduction in scientific papers?
Anecdote introduction
Question/quotation introduction
喵查答案：Inverted triangle introduction 
Contrast introduction 

2 The graph shows the number of cases of violence ______ Newtown _____ 1970 and 2010. As an overall trend, it is clear that the number of cases of violence increased fairly rapidly until the mid-eighties, remained constant ____ around a decade _____ 700 cases before dropping _____ zero ____ the late 1990s. ___ 1990, the number of cases stood____ approximately 300. That number rose steadily _____ 500 by 1999 and then more sharply _____ 900 in 2003.
at/from/until/at/to/in/in/about/to/to
喵查答案：in/between/for/at/to/in/in/at/to/to
at/until//above/for/to/until/in/by/to/to
in/between/for/above/to/in/in/by/by/to

3 In terms of voice, scientific writers have a tendency to use _______voice.
喵查答案：Passive voice
Active voice
Middle voice
All above

4 Which of the following is not a stage in the inverted triangle structure of introduction?
Define
Focus
Contextualise
喵查答案：Discuss 

5 Where should contextualization be included in a research article?
Abstract
喵查答案：Introduction
Results and discussion
Conclusion

6 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.
are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline
喵查答案：still consider lead pollution a problem
lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution 

7 The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.
喵查答案：forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions 

8 How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?
By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
喵查答案：By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries. 

9 Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.
was discouraged         
喵查答案：was enforced by law  
was prohibited by law   
was introduced

10

Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in theUnited States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in theUnited States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.

A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from theUnited  Stateswere the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research inFrance. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in theUnited   Stateswere different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from theUnited   States.

In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern  United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.
the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
喵查答案：the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow 

11 What is the message the author intends to convey?
Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
喵查答案：The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.
The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs. 
People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.

12 The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, _________.
politicians have started to do something to better the situation
喵查答案：few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use 
reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems

13 Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _________.
喵查答案：economic growth 
wasteful use of energy 
the widening gap between the rich and poor
the rapid advances of science and technology

14 According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?
It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.   
It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
喵查答案：It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.    
It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.

15

Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn’t—we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.

Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.

From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.

No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and trav) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.

The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.

The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.

What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.    
It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.
Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.     
喵查答案：Very little will be done to bring it under control.

16 Profits have increased ___________ over the past few years. 
喵查答案：significantly

17 He ___________ all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette. 
喵查答案：ignored

18 She did not feel under any ___________ to tell him the truth. 
喵查答案：obligation

19 My interests are very ___________. 
喵查答案：diverse

20

obligation         ignore                  significantly              dependent                convert

diverse            appropriate             encounter                  appoint                  distribution 

She was the most remarkable woman he had ever ___________. 
喵查答案：encountered

21 Which of the following is the most common structure of introduction in scientific papers?
Anecdote introduction
Question/quotation introduction
喵查答案：Inverted triangle introduction 
Contrast introduction 

22 The graph shows the number of cases of violence ______ Newtown _____ 1970 and 2010. As an overall trend, it is clear that the number of cases of violence increased fairly rapidly until the mid-eighties, remained constant ____ around a decade _____ 700 cases before dropping _____ zero ____ the late 1990s. ___ 1990, the number of cases stood____ approximately 300. That number rose steadily _____ 500 by 1999 and then more sharply _____ 900 in 2003.
at/from/until/at/to/in/in/about/to/to
喵查答案：in/between/for/at/to/in/in/at/to/to
at/until//above/for/to/until/in/by/to/to
in/between/for/above/to/in/in/by/by/to

23 In terms of voice, scientific writers have a tendency to use _______voice.
喵查答案：Passive voice
Active voice
Middle voice
All above

24 Which of the following is not a stage in the inverted triangle structure of introduction?
Define
Focus
Contextualise
喵查答案：Discuss 

25 Where should contextualization be included in a research article?
Abstract
喵查答案：Introduction
Results and discussion
Conclusion

26 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.
are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline
喵查答案：still consider lead pollution a problem
lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution 

27 The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.
喵查答案：forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions 

28 How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?
By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
喵查答案：By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries. 

29 Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.
was discouraged         
喵查答案：was enforced by law  
was prohibited by law   
was introduced

30

Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in theUnited States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in theUnited States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.

A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from theUnited  Stateswere the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research inFrance. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in theUnited   Stateswere different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from theUnited   States.

In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern  United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.
the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
喵查答案：the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow 

31 What is the message the author intends to convey?
Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
喵查答案：The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.
The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs. 
People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.

32 The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, _________.
politicians have started to do something to better the situation
喵查答案：few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use 
reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems

33 Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _________.
喵查答案：economic growth 
wasteful use of energy 
the widening gap between the rich and poor
the rapid advances of science and technology

34 According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?
It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.   
It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
喵查答案：It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.    
It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.

35

Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn’t—we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.

Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.

From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.

No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and trav) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.

The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.

The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.

What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.    
It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.
Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.     
喵查答案：Very little will be done to bring it under control.

36 Profits have increased ___________ over the past few years. 
喵查答案：significantly

37 He ___________ all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette. 
喵查答案：ignored

38 She did not feel under any ___________ to tell him the truth. 
喵查答案：obligation

39 My interests are very ___________. 
喵查答案：diverse

40

obligation         ignore                  significantly              dependent                convert

diverse            appropriate             encounter                  appoint                  distribution 

She was the most remarkable woman he had ever ___________. 
喵查答案：encountered

41 They have ___________ a new head teacher at my son’s school. 
喵查答案：appointed

42 The map shows the ___________ of this species across the world. 
喵查答案：distribution

43 Now that the problem has been identified, ___________ action can be taken. 
喵查答案：appropriate

44 The hotel is going to be ___________ into a nursing home. 
喵查答案：converted

45 A child’s development is ___________ on many factors. 
喵查答案：dependent