中国大学MOOC 英语语言学概论-东北大学 测验与作业答案

Chapter One: Invitations to Linguistics

1

Chomsky made the distinction between _______________.
喵查答案：

competence and performance

comparative linguistics and historical linguistics

langue and parole
microlinguistics and macrolinguistics

2 By                  is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.
喵查答案：duality 
displacement
productivity
arbitrariness

3 Which of the following statements is NOT true?
喵查答案：Language consists of the systems of sounds and grammar.
Language is instrumental.
Language is a system of symbols.
Language is social and conventional.

4 When people use language to express attitudes, feelings and emotions, people are using the ____________function of language.
recreational
喵查答案：emotive
phatic
metalingual

5         holds that language originated from people’s imitations of animal cries and other sounds heard in nature.
The pooh-pooh theory
喵查答案：The bow-wow theory
The divine-source theory
The yo-he-ho theory

6 There are some well-known theories about the origin of language,  among which______ proposes an extremely specific connection between physical and oral gesture. 
喵查答案：the oral-gesture theory
the bow-wow theory
the pooh-pooh theory
the yo-he-ho theory

7 In broad terms, linguists agree to define language as a system of ____vocal symbols used for human communication.
喵查答案：arbitrary
motivated
conventional
dual

8 “I can refer to Confucius even though he died 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of __________.
arbitrariness
duality
喵查答案：displacement
creativity

9

As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___________.

prescriptive
喵查答案：descriptive
sociolinguistic
psycholinguistic

10

All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a system of semantics.
喵查答案：正确
错误

11  Synchronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.
正确
喵查答案：错误

12 A synchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation.
喵查答案：正确
错误

13 The bow-wow theory  is based on the fact that modern languages have some words with pronunciations which seem to echo natural souds.
喵查答案：正确
错误

14 According to Chomsky, a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic performance.  
正确
喵查答案：错误

15 According to Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language, interpersonal function enacts social relationship.
喵查答案：正确
错误

16 When people use language to indulge in itself for its own sake, people are using the poetic function of language.
喵查答案：正确
错误

17 “Language operates by rules” is a fundamental view about language.
喵查答案：正确
错误

18 Now linguists have known the specific origins of human languages.
正确
喵查答案：错误

Chapter Two: Phonetics

1 In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t], [n], [z] share the feature of ____________.
palatal
喵查答案：alveolar
bilabial
velar

2 According to the manner of articulation, [m] is a ___________.
bilabial
plosive
喵查答案：nasal
fricative

3 The classification and description of English consonants are based on ___________________.
the position of the tongue
the shape of vocal tract
narrow and broad transcription
喵查答案：the place and manner of articulation

4 Pair ___________ doesn’t form a minimal pair. 
gap and cap
pat and pad
 tip and dip
喵查答案：cat and act

5 The study of the perception of speech sounds is closely connected with          .
喵查答案：auditory phonetics
acoustic phonetics
arbitrary phonetics
articulatory phonetics

6 The study of the production of speech sounds is closely connected with ____________.
喵查答案：articulatory phonetics
acoustic phonetics
auditory phonetics
arbitrary phonetics

7 The voiceless alveolar fricative in English is ________.
喵查答案：[s]
[d]
[f]
[v]

8 The voiceless bilabial stop in English is _____________.
喵查答案：[ p ]
[ b ]
[ t ] 
[ d ]

9 The two sounds [ p ] and [ b ] share the same place and manner of articulation, but they are distinguished by _______.
喵查答案：voicing
tenseness
roundedness
position of the tongue

10 Which of the following sounds is a palatal?
[ b ]
[ d ]
[ g ]
喵查答案：[ j ]

11 According to the manner of articulation, [s] is a alveolar.
正确
喵查答案：错误

12 The difference between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of the airstream.
喵查答案：正确
错误

13 Vowels are sounds produced without obstruction, so no turbulence or a total stopping of the air can be perceived.
喵查答案：正确
错误

14 The high front tense unrounded vowel in English is [i:].
喵查答案：正确
错误

15  Vowels are sounds produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede or completely shut off the flow of the air in the oral cavity.
正确
喵查答案：错误

16 When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.
正确
喵查答案：错误

17 Velar sounds are made with the back of the tongue raised to touch the velum.
喵查答案：正确
错误

18 /d/ is a voiced alveolar stop.
喵查答案：正确
错误

Chapter Three: Phonology

1 In a syllable, a vowel often serves as ____________.
喵查答案：peak or nucleus
onset
coda   
sequence

2 A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
phone
sound
allophone
喵查答案： phoneme

3  Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ______.
phonetic components
syllables
喵查答案：suprasegmental features
 allophonic variation

4  In coarticulation, if the sound becomes more like the following sound, as in lamb, it is known as          .
喵查答案：anticipatory coarticulation 
progressive assimilation
perseverative coarticulation
dentalization

5 The fact that the vowel in lamb has some quality of the following nasal is a phenomenon we call          .
喵查答案：nasalization
velarization
 aspiration
devoicing

6 The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____________. 
identical  
the same
exactly alike
喵查答案：similar

7  Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.
喵查答案：in phonemic contrast    
in complementary distribution
the allophones 
 minimal pair
free variations

8 The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme. 
phones 
sounds
 phonemes 
喵查答案：allophones

9 A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features. 
phone 
sound
allophone
喵查答案：phoneme

10 The word “digitalization” consists of _______ syllables.
five
喵查答案： six
four
 three

11 Speech is a continuous process, so the vocal organs do not move from one sound segment to the next in a series of separate steps.
喵查答案：正确
错误

12 In phonetic terms, phonemic transcriptions represent the “narrow” transcription.
正确
喵查答案：错误

13 Aspiration is a distinctive feature in English.
正确
喵查答案：错误

14  In English, the distinction between aspirated [pʰ] and unaspirated [p] is not phonemic.
喵查答案：正确
错误

15  In the word peak, /p/ is unaspirated, phonetically transcribed as [p].
正确
喵查答案：错误

16 Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.
正确
喵查答案：错误

17 Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
喵查答案：正确
错误

Chapter Four: Morphology

1 The different morphs that represent or which are derived from one morpheme are called the           of that morpheme.
morphs
喵查答案：allomorphs
phones
allophones

2           refers to the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without loss of identity. That is to say, it is that part of the word that is left when all the affixes are removed. 
喵查答案：Root
Morpheme
Phoneme
Stem

3 __________can best describe the word formation rules of the following group of words: to burgle (from burglar), Eurodollar (from European + dollar). 
喵查答案：Back-formation and blending
Compound and derivation
Inflection and derivation
Derivation and blending

4 __________can best describe the word formation processes of the following groups words: table–tables, influenza–flu.
喵查答案：Inflection and abbreviation     
Compound and derivation
 Inflection and derivation 
Derivation and blending

5  Which of the following ways of word-formation does not change the grammatical class of the stem?
 compound
喵查答案：inflection
derivation     
coinage

6  The morpheme “vision” in the word “television” is a(n)____________.
喵查答案：free morpheme 
bound form
inflectional morpheme   
bound morpheme

7  In today’s grammar we normally say that English does not have a “future tense”. This is because in English ________________.
喵查答案：the future is not expressed by morphological change
the future can be expressed in many ways
the future belongs to the category of “aspect”
the future is expressed by modal verbs

8  In the word “unavailability”, ______________ is the root. 
 un
available  
喵查答案：avail
ability

9 Derivational affixes are bound morphemes added to existing form to construct new words. English derivational affixes are divided into ________and _______.
 prefixes, infixes
suffixes and infixes
喵查答案：prefixes, suffixes
morphemes, allomorphs

10 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?
 teacher
喵查答案：ecology
television 
happiness
friendship

11 Derivaiton does not change the grammatical class of the stem.
正确
喵查答案：错误

12 “Invention” is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.
正确
喵查答案：错误

13 A morpheme, like a phoneme, is a linguistic abstraction, which must be realized as certain phonetic forms or variants in different phonetic environments.
喵查答案：正确
错误

14 ”Although“ is an open-class word.
正确
喵查答案：错误

15  The bound morpheme in “apples” is an inflectional morpheme. 
喵查答案：正确
错误

16  Stems in English can be classified into derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes.
正确
喵查答案：错误

17 –ing is an “inflectional suffix”.
喵查答案：正确
错误

18  Morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning.
喵查答案：正确
错误